The purpose of the present study was to identify the relationships among self-actualization of junior high school students, self-actualization of their parents, and mutual cognition about parental rearing behavior. Self-actualization Scale and Parental Behavior Inventory (EICA) were administered to 83 junior high school students (44 males and 39 females) and their parents. EICA consists of four factors : Emotional support, Identification, Control, Autonomy. Results of factor analysis showed that self-actualization of junior high school students was composed of seven factors. Multiple regression analysis revealed that self-actualization of fathers had a greater influence on self-actualization of their children than that of mothers, and that Emotional support of mothers promoted self-actualization of their children while Control of mothers inhibited it. It was suggested that fathers play a significant role in self-actualization and mothers play an important role in mental support for their children.