Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach has influenced how human well-being is measured over the last decades and contributed to forming the Human Development Index (HDI). One of the central discussions of this approach concerns the extent of children’s freedom and broadening their capabilities for the future. While multiculturalism and inclusive education are established in music education studies, limited research has explored the possibilities of the capability approach in music education to facilitate social inclusion and empowerment. In this study, we examine the emerging possibilities for of the capability approach in music education. A theoretical review reveals three relevant aspects: the extent of children’s freedom and broadening their capabilities; specific music education capabilities compared to competency-based education; and the promotion of social justice. Future studies are encouraged to further investigate this approach in diverse practical situations.