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広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 第三部, 教育人間科学関連領域 Issue 58
published_at 2009-12-25
米国における公立学校教員評価制度をめぐる判例動向 : 1970年代以降を中心に
A Study on Trend in Case Laws on Teacher Evaluation System in the United States : In focusing on the case laws after 1970's
Fujimura Yuko
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review court cases and literature concerning teacher evaluation in order to identify common issues, trends, and guidelines. Most administrators are required to evaluate teachers on a regular basis by board policy, state law, or state regulation. But they also should follow certain decisions made on court cases concerning teacher evaluation. In such cases, the main issues are the validity of the evaluation results and the guarantee of teacher rights; therefore, the evaluator is required to evaluate the teacher based on sufficient evidence and for specific purpose (or reason). The court requires the evaluator and the evaluatee to complete the due process. Legislatively, the evaluator is required to evaluate the teacher on the objective evidence. On the other hand, the courts have affirmed the evaluation results on the subjective evidence when warranted. Although most of evaluation systems are designed to allow evaluatee involvement, evaluatees may participate in the evaluation process but not influence the important parts of evaluation, such as standards or criteria. As seen above, administrators acting as evaluators have more authority to evaluate teachers.
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Keywords
teacher evaluation
court cases
the United States
教員評価
判決事例
米国
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