国際教育協力論集 Volume 24 Issue 1
published_at 2021-10-31

ケニアにおける無認可低学費私立学校 : 多様化するニーズを支えるのは誰の役割か

Unrecognized Low-Fee Private Schools in Kenya: Whose role is it to support diverse needs?
OHBA Asayo
fulltext
821 KB
JICE_24-1_29.pdf
Abstract
There have been numerous studies on emerging low-fee private schools in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the last 20 years. Those who support such schools insist that they meet the diverse needs of the poor and that the poor are able to access and choose a preferred school. They also state that these schools can contribute to education for all goals. In contrast, those who oppose the heavy reliance on such schools counterargue that these schools cannot meet the needs of the most vulnerable as they basically have no access to such fee-charging schools. These opponents also underscore that the private provision of education is based on demand. Accordingly, such schools are limited in terms of geographical coverage.
The purpose of this paper is to rethink these arguments. The paper particularly focuses on the supply-side in order to re-examine the role of government and non-government provision of education. For this reason, a case study was conducted and school data were collected from 20 unrecognized schools and one public school in Mathare in Nairobi, Kenya, between 2018 and 2020.
Findings show that unrecognized schools are struggling to provide quality education in terms of financial and human resources. While the government officially does not recognize them, it contributes to their presence as the government is aware of their important role in meeting not only learning but basic needs in such areas as housing, clothing, and meals. Thus, it adopts double standards in reality. The study also found that public schools gained more pupils in the upper classes as pupils transferred from unrecognized schools to government schools in order to gain better access to secondary education.
The paper argues that the Kenyan government needs to recognize these schools and support their management as there are tens of thousands of pupils who study in them without the fundamental support of the government. Yet, it is these schools that meet the diverse needs of the poor and vulnerable in place of the government.
Descriptions
本研究は、JSPS 科学研究費補助金(18H03661)「途上国の前期中等教育開発における政策 - 実践連携に関する国際比較研究」(基盤研究 A,2018-2022, 吉田和浩教授代表(広島大学))、JSPS 科学研究費補助金(19H00620)「アフリカ・アジア諸国における教育の普遍化と格差に関する国際比較研究」(基盤研究 A,2019-2023 年度 , 澤村信英教授代表(大阪大学))、および、JSPS 科学研究費補助金(18K02423)「ケニアの公立小学校の空洞化と低学費私立小学校の増加-多様化と基準化のせめぎ合い-」(基盤研究 C, 2018-2022, 大塲麻代(帝京大学))の助成を受けて実施したものである。
Rights
Copyright (c) 2021 広島大学教育開発国際協力研究センター