The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourse of Kodály, who is said to have laid the foundation of Hungarian music education based on his collection of folk music and his analysis of a vast amount of folk music. While the cultural policy of the state dictates “what is taught in music,” the relationship between the subject content of school music and the question of “why study music” is inherently deeply connected and needs to be clearly stated. Since each country has its own background, simple comparisons and the simple introduction of methods will not solve the problem. However, there is much to be learned from the uniqueness of Hungarian music education, which is based on Kodaly's view of human education. It aims at the ultimate goal of “the realization of world peace for mankind” based on the historical background and is built on a solid connection between the questions “why do we teach music” and“ what do we teach as music in school.”