This study aimed to capture the reality of the learning process and to derive suggestions for future instruction based on the descriptions in the learning records of first-year university students taking vocal music classes. The descriptions can be classified into eight categories. (1) recognition of the situation, (2) mental state, (3) the basic content of vocal music, (4) understanding of classical Italian works and musical expression, (5) Italian pronunciation, (6) ensemble with piano, (7) learning from the appearance of others, and (8) connections with existing learning. We were able to capture aspects of the learners’ learning that became more concrete and developed as the number of lessons increased. We found that the learners deepened their learning systematically as they repeated the lessons according to their situations. Recognition of their achievements seemed to lead to motivation and higher learning. In addition, there were not many descriptions of their recognition of their achievements. The learners’ descriptions of the lessons on classical Italian songs indicated that they were given a wide range of content, but in addition, giving the learners a greater sense of “having done it” would lead to further acquisition of knowledge.