This paper examines the state of social studies education through a typology of theories and practices of social studies education aimed at fostering citizens capable of democratic communication. Toward democratic communication, social studies research to date has had the following problems: (1) unclear scope, and (2) unachieved goals. As a result, it is difficult to find new teaching theories and practices even when they are proposed, making it difficult to expand and update the theoretical reach of social studies education research. Therefore, in this paper, we categorized teaching theories and practices from the viewpoints of "the causes of the lack of democratic communication" and "how to handle communication.
As a result, the following two points became clear. First, there are multiple types of educational theories and practices that have been developed in terms of problem consciousness and class structure. Second, each type of teaching theory and practice has its own characteristics and issues.