The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between preschoolers' social adjustment and their types of aggression. Preschoolers were administered measures of positive and negative sociometric nominations and peer behavioral assessments of provocative, retaliative, and punitive aggression. The results were as follows: (1) Children who showed provocative aggression were likely to be rejected by peers. (2) Children who showed retaliative or punitive aggression were not likely to be rejected by peers. (3) Girls who showed punitive aggression were likely to be popular among girls. The results indicate that aggression has not always been associated with peer rejection.