Emotion regulation is one of the most important factors in child development. However, it is a complex construct, few validated instruments are available to assess children. The mail purpose of this study was to test the factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) in a sample of Japanese children. A total of 197 mothers (46% girls) completed the ERC. Although this scale has been validated in divers cultural contexts, no study has analyzed its psychometric properties in a Japanese sample. Using structural equation modeling to examine the internal structure, we found that the original two-dimensional model fit the data from preschool children well. The reliability of the ERC subscales was 0.75 for ER and 0.84 for L/N. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between the ERC and children’s problem behavior. L/N was positively and significantly correlated with problem behaviors. These findings provide some support for the use of the Japanese parent version of the ERC with young children.