This study develops a new science curriculum for students from elementary through secondary schools, which includes the concept of the “Nature of Science” (NoS). In the second year, we explored what the NoS is and how we could design a new curriculum including its ideas. We performed and conducted two empirical studies in elementary science classes and three empirical studies in upper secondary classes. Through discussion and empirical research, we found that it is possible to include the NoS in the teaching contents for elementary school science. The narrative story of the NoS and daily life context helped upper-secondary school students to understand lessons’ objectives. It can be said that science teachers need to consider what kind of teaching strategies and topics to employ and how students’ practical work should be conducted when incorporating the NoS into teaching.