We investigated university students' vulnerability to disease (PVD) during COVID-19, including individual and familial factors. The study was conducted between late May and October 2021. The vaccinations started in September 2021. Health trajectories of the control scale, the Big Five scale, and vaccination status were considered individual factors. The familial factors included living alone, with an older person, or with someone such as a healthcare worker. The results showed that although emotionally unstable students had a higher perceived vulnerability to disease, the vaccination experience reduced their “infectivity to disease” on the PVD scale. However, it was shown that a perception of vulnerability to the disease, “infection avoidance”, was not related to household factors or COVID-19 vaccination status. This suggests that university students have a stronger desire to prevent COVID-19 infection compared to consideration for living together.