The antibacterial activity of aztreonam (AZT), a newly developed monobactam, against a total of 637 gram-negative bacilli was investigated using clinical isolates from patients with surgical, respiratory and urological diseases in 1985. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AZT exhibited favorable activity similar to that of cefsulodin. AZT also had high antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influenzae, but not against Enterobacter aerogenes.