Internationally, there was a chance of reforming special needs education twice. The first one is the Salamanca statement adopted in 1994. Secondly it might be the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Then after UN-CRPD) that came into force in 2006. In particular, UN-CRPD not only changed the international trend of special education dramatically but also played a major role in enlightening the rights of persons with disabilities. National organizations should take the initiative and make efforts to make UN-CRPD effective and enforce international cooperation following UN-CRPD. Under such circumstances, the national organizations of each country independently play an important role in various ways. In this article, standing on the contents of Article 24 Education and Article 33 National Implementation and Monitoring of UN-CRPD, Japan National Institute of Special Needs Education and Korea National Institute of Special Education were compared their mission, history, function, system, human rights works and staff organization. Two institutes have the same purpose, functions for inclusive education research activities and in-service training for teachers. However, Korea National Institute of Special Education is focusing on policies, functions providing easy-access educational materials for children with disabilities, in-service training and research on human rights which should be necessary for the examination by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities after ratification of UN-CRPD. Regarding Japan, it seems that the examination by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities will be held in the spring of 2020. There is something to learn from the system of the Korea National Institute of Special Education about the systematic arrangement of highlighting human rights of persons with disabilities.