知能のPASS理論の枠組みを用いた小学５年社会科の授業分析

The current study sought to describe the thinking and learning strategies of children and their influence on teachers’ class design. To this end, I analyzed the relationships between children’s behavior and teachers’ instructional acts, and their influence on the cognitive characteristics of the processes of teaching and learning in 5th grade social studies lessons. I first assessed children’s cognitive abilities using the PASS Rating Scale. Second, I classified instructional acts using the framework of the PASS theory of intelligence with another teacher who was engaged in special needs education. Third, I interviewed instructors about the relationships between their class designs and how they understood their pupils’ scholastic abilities and characteristics, as well as the way that their teaching schemes had been changed by the lessons and examination of lesson records. The lesson analysis revealed three main findings. First, instructional acts directed to individual children functioned as a whole class approach. Instructors often urged an individual child to lead the other classmates when they felt that the child possessed sufficient ability. Second, children exhibited variability in responses to similar instructional acts with same intention, depending on each child’s characteristics. Among instructors, there were commonly difficulties in dealing with the variability of children’s responses. Finally, I observed discrepancies between children’s cognitive processes and teachers’ understanding, including children’s performance in each subject. These discrepancies commonly caused disagreement between the teacher’s instructions and the children’s will. Teachers recognized such disagreement only after they observed it causing learning difficulties for the whole class, often reflecting on their methods as a result.