I considered by Habermas's “The Theory of Communicative Action" the following: what aim, content and method in learning with essay “Mizu no Tozai" as teaching material of high school can be set. The next thing it was revealed as a result of the consideration. They can be set from three points of view: Infer vagueness of argument (understanding), criticize that contrary to integrity about the way of narrative (criticizing), and examine the validity again (discourse).