The present paper discusses how to measure the degree of similarity or difference in the vocabulary between the two language data, and proposes a new measure of vocabulary similarity, which is defined as … where pi (X) and pi (Y) are the rates of occurrence of the i th vocabulary type (or word type) in the two laguage data. Since S is the sum of si which is defined as : … si can be regarded as a measure showing how much a given vocabulary type contributes to the overall similarity or dissimilarity of the two language data. It is also shown how S and si are applied to the analysis of a set of actual data, taking hibakusha's memoirs of the A-bomb experiences as example.