A combination of Socrates’ dialectic and Habermas’ Diskursethik (ethics of discourse) can lead to a new form of dialogic learning. In the dialectic, the questioner takes the initiative, and in a dialogue between experts and amateurs, the amateurs can take opportunities to participate positively, while the experts can discover new points of view. The dialectic operates as a collaboration for the discovery of truth. Habermas’ Diskursethik limits its work to the procedure for the realization of rationality in communication, aiming at both productive discourse and an ethics of discourse. In my opinion, Diskursethik is an ethics produced by discourse and in discourse. At the heart of publicness is public opinion, and the way in which “my opinion” grows to “our opinion,” and how “our opinion” grows into public opinion is an important topic. The issue of “scientists and military research” is a personal matter for individual scientists but also a public issue for the Japanese people. I apply the “dialectic + Diskursethik” approach to this public issue.