This study verified the effectiveness of active learning through problem posing in individuals and groups in high school mathematics classes to evaluate the students’ thinking of change and understanding of learning. Using interviews and questionnaire surveys, we focused on students’ thinking activities when posing problems and studied the students’ thinking of change. The practical results of students posing their own problems and evaluating each other demonstrate that it is possible for students to become aware of the value of the problem and increase their interest in mathematics. By presenting problems and posing new problems in groups, the study showed that students had reintegrated their knowledge while expressing their ideas to each other.