紛争後のアフガニスタンにおける教育の課題に関する研究 : バーミヤン州ドゥガニ地域の事例より

Afghanistan has been reconstructed rapidly since the civil war ended in 2001. Many schools were rehabilitated and constructed in the last 5 years. The net enrollment rates of primary education have risen from 58.4% and 6.4% in 1999 to 127% and 56% in 2005 for boys and girls, respectively. These figures make us feel reconstruction of Afghanistan is going well. In reality, however, the Taliban is rising again in southern areas. There is growing concern that civil war will occur again. This recent situation is based on people's disappointment and frustration that their circumstance is not going as well as they expected. This is a kind of failure of the reconstruction policy which lacks a long-term and micro perspective. A policy from the people's view point is needed now.

This article is trying to investigate people's needs toward education. Our research was conducted in Dokani, a rural area of Afghanistan. The fieldwork has been conducted 5 times since August 2005. Two groups reside within Dokani, the Hazara and the Sayeed. The cultural, social and economical background of these two groups is very different. This difference leads to different school enrollment patterns and different needs for education between the Hazara and the Sayeed. The number of Hazara children attending school is much less than those of the Sayeed, and many Sayeed children are commuting to another better school which is in the center of Bamyan province, 16km away from Dokani. It can be said that Dokani is a class-structured society.

We, as outsiders, tend to assume that similar groups of people live in a ‘village'. However, society in Dokani shows considerable variation. To make better policies for the ‘village', we must keep this in mind.