This study aims to provide an overview of studies relating to the mental burden borne by the mothers of children with autism and to summarize the findings. To this end, three analytical perspectives are employed, namely( 1) what kinds of psychological scales have been developed to measure the mental burden borne by mothers of children with disabilities;( 2) what have these scales revealed about the mental burden borne by mothers of children with autism; and( 3) what kinds of supports have been found to be effective in reducing the mental burden borne by mothers of children with autism. Regarding the first point, such scales have been actively developed; however, few of these scales have specifically targeted autism. Regarding the second point, which addresses the mental burden born specifically by mothers of children with autism, it was revealed that their burden“ is relatively high in comparison with the mothers of children with other types of disability,” that it“ is particularly high in early childhood,”“ that some mental burdens derive from problem behaviors,” and “that some mental burdens derive from the difficulty of forming attachments.” Finally, regarding the third point,“ consideration in the context of diagnostic notification” and“ connection with other mothers in a similar position” have proven to be effective supports for the mothers of children with autism.