The Chinese government has created a basic framework for crime prevention via its “Comprehensive Management of Public Security" policy. This framework covers all of society and is a “strike hard" policy aimed to address China's specific crime problems. At present, under the concept of the rule of law, the government is conducting a new round of judicial reform. Crime prevention is also changing to meet the needs of society and the requirements of modern crime prevention. This article will examine the current situation via “the Global Crime Prevention Theory," which focuses on proactive prevention, inactive prevention and reactive prevention. Recent changes in crime prevention in China will also be discussed and comparisons will be made with crime prevention in Japan.