We conducted a field census of the shallow-water fish fauna in the boulder zone, sargassum bed, and sandy bottom of Yashiro Island (Suo-Oshima, Yamaguchi Prefecture) in the western section of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, from January 2018 to January 2019 using SCUBA. A total of 61 species from 31 families were recorded in monthly surveys using line transects (30m × 2m). The species number correlated with water temperature, suggesting that winter’s low water temperature was a major limiting environmental factor for fish fauna. However, some species (e.g., mottled spinefoot, Siganus fuscescens) that may not overwinter in the Aki-nada area (waters on the north side of Yashiro Island) remained on Yashiro Island in winter. In addition, Pseudoblennius zonostigma, an endemic species of Japan, mainly found in the more southern warm temperate region, was observed in this location year-round. The results indicate that Yashiro Island is in a geographical environment that is sensitive to southern influences, even in the intermediate temperate region.