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欧米文化研究 11 号
2004-10-01 発行
ラフカディオ・ハーンの『チタ』における海の意味
The Meanings of the Sea in Lafcadio Hearn's Chita
横山 純子
Abstract
Chita, Lafcadio Hearn's first novel is often said to be weak in its plot and characters. But the descriptions of the sea are central to it. As N. H. Kennard says, Chita reflects Hearn's early life in Ireland, and it seems that his early life is reflected especially in his descriptions of the sea. Kenji Zenimoto suggests that the world of the children of the sea is set awkwardly against the world of the wanderers' souls in Chita. This paper will consider his suggestion and reevaluate this novel.
At the beginning, Hearn cites some lines from Victor Hugo's poem, "Ocean". Kenji Zenimoto says that Chita consists of the double symbols of a violent sea and a paradise sea which Hugo's poem also uses. Hearn describes the sea using the double symbols of roughness and tenderness, characteristics which his mother used to have.
The heroine, Chita, in whose descriptions Hearn's childhood is reflected, is saved from the sea and at first is afraid of the sea. Chita's fear of the sea resembles Hearn's fear of the nightmare in "Nightmare-touch". The sea has also its power to revive as the strength of the sea enters into Chita after learning to swim, like Hearn's experiences.
Meanwhile, Chita's real father, Julien, who is thought to be dead in the sea, is described as a ghost. Hearn contrasts Chita's rebirth from the sea with Julien's social death. Hearn says in "From Hold to Old" that he feels like a ghost surrounded by silent crowds. He also says in "A Ghost" that only wanderers know souls. Wanderers and souls are connected, and Hearn himself is a wanderer like Julien.
For Hearn, the sea is also the place where souls cross. His thought is deepened in Japan after he encounters the Hotoke-Umi, but it also can be seen in his American days. Through distances of time and space, he imagines the sea, and the sea excites his imagination.
In Chita, Hearn uses the double symbolism of the calm sea and the violent one, using the double symbolism of the world of the children of the sea and that of the wanderers' souls. It reflects Hearn's life up to then, and the reviving strength of the sea excites his wanderer's feelings and imagination.
At the beginning, Hearn cites some lines from Victor Hugo's poem, "Ocean". Kenji Zenimoto says that Chita consists of the double symbols of a violent sea and a paradise sea which Hugo's poem also uses. Hearn describes the sea using the double symbols of roughness and tenderness, characteristics which his mother used to have.
The heroine, Chita, in whose descriptions Hearn's childhood is reflected, is saved from the sea and at first is afraid of the sea. Chita's fear of the sea resembles Hearn's fear of the nightmare in "Nightmare-touch". The sea has also its power to revive as the strength of the sea enters into Chita after learning to swim, like Hearn's experiences.
Meanwhile, Chita's real father, Julien, who is thought to be dead in the sea, is described as a ghost. Hearn contrasts Chita's rebirth from the sea with Julien's social death. Hearn says in "From Hold to Old" that he feels like a ghost surrounded by silent crowds. He also says in "A Ghost" that only wanderers know souls. Wanderers and souls are connected, and Hearn himself is a wanderer like Julien.
For Hearn, the sea is also the place where souls cross. His thought is deepened in Japan after he encounters the Hotoke-Umi, but it also can be seen in his American days. Through distances of time and space, he imagines the sea, and the sea excites his imagination.
In Chita, Hearn uses the double symbolism of the calm sea and the violent one, using the double symbolism of the world of the children of the sea and that of the wanderers' souls. It reflects Hearn's life up to then, and the reviving strength of the sea excites his wanderer's feelings and imagination.
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