看護臨床実習におけるストレスとコーピングおよび性格との関連

本研究は, 看護学生の臨床実習におけるストレスとコーピングおよび性格との関連について検討した. 対象はA大学看護学科3年生の女性28名である. 方法は, ストレスの程度の評価には日本版State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)を, また, コーピングの測定にはコーピング特性簡易尺度(BSCP)を用い, それぞれ実習前と実習中の計2回実施した. 性格の評価は, 矢田部・ギルフォード検査(YG検査)を用いて, 臨床実習のない春期休暇中に実施した. その結果, STAIの状態不安は, 実習前に比べ実習中で高値を示し, 臨床実習で看護学生がストレスを感じていると考えられた. 特に「社会的不適応」, 「劣等感」, 「非協調的」などの性格傾向では, 実習中の状態不安の増強を認めた. また, それらの性格傾向では「他者を巻き込んだ情動発散」などの消極的コーピングスタイルを多用する特徴を認め, 実習ストレスの感じ方やコーピングには, 個々の性格が深く関与することが示唆された.

We investigated the relationships among stress, coping, and personality in nursing students during clinical training in a hospital. The subjects were 28 female nursing school students. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test was used for evaluation of the psychological response to the stress of clinical training.

The Brief Scales for Coping Profile (BSCP) test was used for evaluation of coping.

These two tests were given before and during clinical training. The Yatabe/Guilford (YG) test was given to students during the spring vacation for assessment of personality. The students experienced stress before and during clinical training, and the state-anxiety levels in the STAI were significantly higher during clinical training. Anxiety level was higher in students with personality traits of "social maladjustment", "feeling of inferiority" and "nonconformism". Furthermore, students with such personality traits tended to have a passive style of coping. The results suggest that there is a close relationship between personality and coping style for nursing students under the stressful conditions of clinical training.