In 1984 and 1986 six fish samples were obtained from landings by the sardine drag net, 'Patchi-ami', working in Hiuchi Nada Sea of the Seto Inland Sea. Species composition of each sample was examined as well as the food habits of fishes over 10 cm length. In light of the food-habit evidence, fluctuations in the annual landings of anchovy (Engraulis japonica) and fishes associated with anchovy were analyzed.
Twenty-two kinds of fish, shrimp, crab and squid were encountered. Cutlass fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and white croaker (Argyrosomus argentalus) were present in all samples.
Larval sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) accounted for 6.94000f specimens in the July sample and 2.4-1073760944n the August sample. In the latter month, however, adult sardine of 16 to 18 cm in body length were also present, which leads to the suggestion that, contorary to general opinion, sardine spawning takes place in the Inland Sea.
Cutlass fish, lizzard fish (Saurida elongata), white croaker, mackeral (Pneumatophorus japonicus) and tiger puffer (Fugu rubripes) fed heavily on anchovy, while sardine consumed small quantities of diatom (Coscinodiscuss spp.). Gizzardshad (Konosirus punctatus) and Japanese scaled sardine (Harengula zunasi) had empty stomachs.
Analysis of annual fluctuations in catch was carried out on anchovy, sardine, horse mackerels (Trachurus japonicus etc.) and mackerels, fish feeders, and croakers, respectively. In the latter half of the 1970's the catch of sardine increased, and the catch of anchovy and horse mackerels and mackerels decreased. Recently (middle 1980's), the catch of sardine has decreased, and this has been accompanied by a recovery of anchovy, and horse mackerels and mackerels. The catch of fish feeders fluctuated together with that of anchovy in Eastern and Central Seto Inland Seas, where the fishery for anchovy is most productive. Landings of croakers fluctuated independently of those of the above-mentioned species, because it is considered that croakers feed not only on anchovy, but also, to a large extent, on other fishes and crustaceans.