Akutagawa Ryunosuke is a well-known Japanese writer who played a prominent role in 20th-century Japanese literature. The influence of French literature, Christianity, and classical Japanese literature on his work has been studied extensively in previous research, but the influence of the Western classical tradition has never been studied before. This study aims to clarify why this tradition should be taken into account when analyzing Akutagawa's literature, taking into account three different factors: the presence of the Western classical tradition in European history as a whole; the reception of the Western classical tradition in Japan from the Meiji period; and the close relationship between that tradition and the most quoted Western writers in Akutagawa's works.