職場の安全行動評価尺度の作成とその職種差 : 鉄道会社およびその関連会社を対象とした調査研究

Development of the Safety Behavior Scale and its Score Variation by Job Type : Questionnaire Survey for Employees Working in Railway Systems or Their Affiliated Companies

大塚 泰正

鈴木 綾子

安全工学 : Journal of Japan Society for Safety Engineering

本研究は、鉄道会社に勤務する労働者を対象として、予備調査から構成された職場の安全行動評価尺度の信頼性・妥当性を明らかにし、その職種差を検討することを目的とした。鉄道会社およびその関連会社182社に勤務する労働者717名に実施した質問紙調査をもとに分析を行った結果、「安全に関するコミュニケーション」、「日常的な安全維持活動」、「個人の安全確保」、「使用器具の安全確保」、「安全に関する情報収集」の5因子が抽出された。α信頼性係数は0.70〜0.86の範囲、確認的因子分析モデルを構成した際の適合度指標はGFI=0.88、AGFI=0.86、CFI=0.88、RMSEA=0.049であり、本尺度の信頼性と妥当性が確認された。また、職種差を検討した結果、運転士は他の職種よりも安全行動の頻度が高いことが明らかになった。

The aims of this study were two folds ; to investigate the reliability and validity of the 40-item Safety Behavior Scale, and to clarify the scores of this scale in many occupations among employees working in railway companies in Japan. Participants were 717 Japanese railway workers (704 men, 8 women, 5 not ascertained) who answered a self - reporting questionnaire that assessed employee's safety behaviors in November to December 2002. Exploratory item factor analysis could divide Safety Behavior Scale into five subscales that were communication about safety, daily safety activity, keep own safety, keep own equipment safely, and seek information about safety. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of these five subscales were 0.85, 0.86, 0.76, 0.78, and 0.70, respectively. On the other hand, validity which were indicated by goodness of fit indexes by confirmatory item factor analysis were acceptable ; GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.88, and RMSEA =0.049. These findings suggest that the Safety Behavior Scale could be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing worker's safety behavior. Next, we classified participants into ten groups according to their job types ; safety staff (N = 42), station staff (N = 92), motorman (N=82), conductor (N=29), vehicle inspection (N=61), electricity (N=83), signal & correspondence (N =60), trackman (N = 125), construction (N = 23) and others (N = 31). Analysis of variance showed that motormen took higher safety behaviors, such as daily safety activity, keep own safety, keep own equipment safely, and seek information about safety, than other occupations. Also, employees responsible for safety operations kept own safety and sought information about safety rather than conductors. From these results, occupational differences may have to be considered when studying about safety behaviors.

安全行動

信頼性

妥当性

鉄道会社

職種

safety behavior

reliability

validity

railway company

job type

心理学 [ 140 ]

日本語

安全工学協会

[ISSN] 0570-4480

[NCID] AN00012812