肢体不自由のある児童生徒におけるICT 機器活用の実践研究 : スマートスピーカーの活用による学習支援・生活の充実に着目して

本研究は、肢体不自由のある児童生徒を対象にICT 機器（スマートスピーカー）の検索機能や環境制御機能を活用した実践事例を通して、学習支援や生活の充実の観点から本実践の成果と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。実践事例は、肢体不自由特別支援学校における準ずる教育課程に在籍する高等部の生徒と、知的代替の教育課程に在籍する小学部の児童の２例であった。対象者のスマートスピーカー活用状況やニーズについては、アンケートを用いて調査し、生活実態に適した活用となるよう必要に応じて合理的配慮を行いながら導入した。学習支援における有用性については、情報検索に伴う手の動きや検索に要した時間等を調査し、検索に伴う作業量を捉えた。そして、主体的な学びを引き出すことや授業の目標達成につながったかということを検討した。生活の充実においては、生活家電の操作を通して、日常生活動作の自立度が高まったかということを捉えた。また、朝の会や休憩時間での活用を通して、生活の中で情報を活用する姿につながったかということを調査した。その結果、スマートスピーカーの活用には一定の有用性が認められた。

This study aims to elucidate the challenges and outcomes associated with the application of ICT tools. ICT tools such as smart speakers aim to support learning and enhance the life experiences of children and students with physical disabilities. We provide two examples of the application of learning technique. The first ICT one was intended for high school students who were prescribed the same curriculum as that designed for special-needs schools comprising individuals with physical disabilities. The second one was designed for elementary school children and was based on an intellectual-alternative curriculum. This study incorporated questionnaires to investigate the challenges and outcomes with regard to the use of smart speakers as ICT tools. Further, it considered various essential factors to ensure that these tools can be incorporated seamlessly in these individuals’ daily lives. Furthermore, by observing the hand movements of the participants when they began browsing for information and recording the time taken by them to obtain the same, the study determined the amount of work completed by the participants by means of this activity. The study also investigated whether the activity encouraged them to learn proactively and enabled them to accomplish their classroom objectives. Such observations helped determine the contribution of ICT tools in supporting learning. Further, to gauge the outcomes of ICT with regard to enhancement of life experiences of individuals with physical disabilities, the study gauged whether the participants’ independence levels spiralled as a result of using electrical home appliances. In addition, it investigated whether using ICT tools during morning meetings and breaks led the students to apply the acquired knowledge more seamlessly in their daily lives. It was found that to a certain extent, smart speakers influenced learning and enhanced the life experiences of individuals with physical disabilities.