The growth and mean physhiological life span of the Oriental river prawn, arcobrachium nipponense, inhabiting the downstream of the Ashida river, eastern region of the Hiroshima Prefecture, was estimated. Samples collected during 12 months from April, 1986 to March, 1987 reached to a total of 8,113 prawns. And the normal distribution curves were best fitted to monthly body length histograms with computer analysis technique. 1) The ovigerous season of the present species in the Ashida River is for four months lasting from the beginning of June to the end of September with its peak in July, and one newly hatching population occurs within this season. 2) When presuming newly hatching population occurs in the middle of July, three years and 1.5 to 3.5 months is estimated for male's life span, while two years and 3.5 to 9.5 months is estimated for female's. Females of one year and 1.5 months old and males of two years and 1.5 months old will mature and make spawning activity for the first time in September, and they can only take spawning activity again during following ovigerous season within each life span. 3) Males and females will grow to 28 mm in body length (0.5 g in body wight) at one year after their occurring in the middle of July, and will reach 50 mm (3.0 g in males; 2.8 g in females) at two years. During female's perishing period of two years and 3.5 to 9.5 months October to April old, they will maintain 55 mm (3.7 g). 4) Males will attain 65 mm (6.9 g) at three years after occurring, and their length and weight will not change during male's perishing period of three years and 1.5 to 3.5 months August to October old. 5) Of the present samples, the female biological minimum size is 25.5 mm in body length, and sex discrimination is possible to prawns of 11.0 mm and larger in body length.