The growth and mean physiological life span of the population of Lake prawn, Palaemon paucidens, inhabiting the downstream of the Ashida river, eastern region of the Hiroshima Prefecture, was estimated. Samples collected during 21 months from April, 1985 to March, 1987 reached to a total of 3,192 prawns. And the normal distribution curves were best filted to Monthly body length histograms with computer analysis tecnique. 1) The ovigerous season of the present species in the Ashida river is almost for four months lasting from the end of March to July with its peak in June, and one newly hatching population occurs within this season. 2) When presuming newly hatching population occurs in the middle of June, 13.5 months are estimated for male's life span, while 13.5 to 14.5 months are estimated for female's. Consequently, males and females can take spawning activity in the only one ovigerous season, namely in that of the following year of their occurring, whithin their life span. 3) Males will grow to 26 mm in body length (283 mg in body weight) at six months after their occurring (in the middle of December), and will reach 30.5 mm (462 mg) at one year (in the middle of June of the following year). On the other hand, females will grow to 32 mm (567 mg) at six months, and will reach 41 mm (1,252 mg) at one year. 4) In male's perishing month (July) they will attain 31 mm (486 mg) (at the end of July), while in female's perishing months (July to August) their boby length and weight will be same as those at one year. 5) Of the present samples, the female biological minium size is 30.5 mm in body length, and sex identification is possible to those of 14.0 mm and larger in body length.