Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is one of the major forms of phosphorus in coastal sea water. However, principal constituents, utilization and decomposition of DOP in the sea are little known. This paper dealt with molecular size fractionation of DOP in red tide sea water, changes or molecular size distribution during decomposition and availability of DOP to phytoplankton. For molecular weight (MW) fractionation, ultrafiltration using Diaflo membrane UM-05, UM-10, MX-100 (retaining MW approx. 500, 10000, 100000 respectively) was employed and DOP was fractionated into four fractions according to MW. In the initial red tide sea water, the lowest MW fraction (MW < 500) was most predominant, followed by the highest MW fraction (MW > 100000). During the incubation, DOP as a whole gradually decomposed to DIP. The lowest MW fraction mineralized immediately and the highest MW fraction also decomposed. While the intermediate MW fraction showed a tendency to concentrate on the second highest MW fraction (10000 < MW < 100000). The availabilty test of each molecular weight fraction of DOP to red tide organism Gymnodiniun sp. revealed that every DOP fraction was utilized as a sole source of phosphorus, among them DOP Fr.3 (500 < MW < 10000) showed the most successful effect on the growth. These results suggested the actual cycling and important role of DOP in the eutrophic coastal region especially at blooming of phytoplankton.