Previous research has found that the reasons behind the establishment of special classes and special schools in public schools in the United States in the early 20th century were social demands such as equal educational opportunity, economic efficiency, and social defense, as well as challenges faced by educators. However, the debates that educators have had regarding the education of children with disabilities from the perspective of the State’s duty, or in other words, American “democracy,” have not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, in this paper, using the proceedings and addresses of the National Education Association as a reference, I reexamined the logic behind the establishment of special classes and schools within public school system from the viewpoint of “democracy.” As a result, it became clear that the concept of “democracy” was used by those involved in education to give meaning to the establishment of special classes and schools in public schools. There was consensus among educators to expand the scope of public schools to include children with disabilities. This consensus was based on the modern view of education that children should be educated to become “self-supporting members of society.” Clarifying the actual situation of public special classes and schools in each region is an issue for future research.