Bhaṭṭikāvya研究 : BhK 6.71-86 : nirupapadakṛdadhikāra

In BhK 5.97-7.85 Bhaṭṭi illustrates Pāṇini's grammatical rules which introduce kṛt affixes after verbs. According to the commentators Jayamaṅgala and Mallinātha, the kṛdadhikāra constituted by BhK 5.97-7.85 is divided into subsections:　　

(a) ṭādhikāra (e.g., vane + car+ Ṭa → vanecara 'one who does penance in the forest')　BhK 5.97-100→ A 3.2.16 careṣ ṭaḥ-A 3.2.23 na śabdaślokakalahagāthāvairacāṭusūtramantrapadeṣu //　　

(b) kṛtyādhikāra (e.g., pracch + tavyaT → praṣṭavya 'that which is to be asked')　BhK 6.46-67 → A 3.1.95 kṛtyāḥ-A 3.1.132 cityāgnicitye ca //　

(c) nirupapadakṛdadhikāra (e.g., kṛ + ṆvuL → kāraka '[Sugrīva,] who forms [a friendship with Rāma]')　BhK 6.71-86 → A 3.1.133 ṇvultṛcau-A 3.1.150 āśiṣi ca //　

(d) sopapadakṛdadhikāra (e.g., śatru +lū+ aṆ→ śatrulāva 'one who destroys an enemy')　BhK 6.87-93 → A 3.2.1 karmaṇy aṇ-A 3.2.16 careṣ ṭaḥ //　

(e) khaśādyadhikāra (e.g., sattva + ej-i + KHaŚ → sattvamejaya '[lions] which scare animals')　BhK 6.94-108 → A 3.2.28 ejeḥ khaś-A 3.2.47 gamaś ca //　

(f) ḍādhikāra (e.g., dūra + gam + Ḍa → dūraga '[arrows] which fly far')　BhK 6.109-6.111 → A 3.2.48 antātyantādhvadūrapārasarvānanteṣu ḍaḥ-A 3.2.50 ape kleśatamasoḥ //　

(g) sopapadakṛdadhikāra (e.g., śīrṣa + han + ṆinI → śīrṣaghātin '[Rāma,] who cuts a demon's head off')　BhK 6.112-133 → A 3.2.51 kumāraśīrṣayor ṇiniḥ-A 3.2.101 anyeṣv api dṛśyate //　

(h) nirupapadakṛdadhikāra (e.g., kṛ + Kta → kṛta 'that which has been done')　BhK 6.134-136 → A 3.2.102 niṣṭhā-A 3.2.104 jīryater atṛn //　

(i) tācchīlikādhikāra (e.g., kṛ + tṛN → kartṛ 'that which habitually [shakes the forest]')　BhK 7.1-27 → A 3.2.134 ā kves tacchīlataddharmatatsādhukāriṣu-A 3.2.178 anyebhyo 'pi dṛśyate //

(j) nirviśeṣakṛdadhikāra (e.g., kṛ + uṆ → kāru '[Sugrīva,] who accomplishes [Rāma's purpose]')　BhK 7 .28-33 → A 3.3.1 uṇādayo bahulam-A 3.3.17 sṛ sthire //　

(k) ghañādyadhikāra (e.g., naś + GHaÑ → nāśa 'the act of perishing, perishment')　BhK 7.34-85 → A 3.3.18 bhāve-A 3.3.128 āto yuc //　　

This paper considers (c). The commentators call nirupapadakṛt kṛt affixes provided for by A 3.1.133-150. The occurrence of these kṛt affixes, except for Ka (A 3.1.136) and Śa (A 3.1.137), is not conditioned by a co-occurring item (upapada). The following points are to be noted:　

1. Bhaṭṭi’s expression dhārayaiḥ āmodam (‘[the wind] which carries a pleasant fragrance’) to illustrate A 3.1.139 dadātidadhātyor vibhāṣā is problematic. For, a genitive ending should be introduced by A 2.3.65 kartṛkarmaṇoḥ kṛti after āmoda to denote an object (karman) since āmoda is construed with dhāraya, which ends in the kṛt affix Ṇa (→ dhārayaiḥ āmodasya). Jayamaṅgala justifies the expression by saying that the introduction of a genitive ending by the rule is not obligatory (anitya).　　

2. In the Bhāṣya on A 3.1.145 śilpini ṣvun Patañjali states that the kṛt affix ṢvuN is introduced only after the verbs nṛt 'dance', khan 'dig up', and rañj 'dye'. Bhaṭṭi, who accepts this restriction on verbs in which the rule applies, uses the form nartaka ('dancer', nṛt + ṢvuN → nartaka) to illustrate the rule.　　

3. Bhaṭṭi does not illustrate A 3.1.147 ṇyuṭ ca. A 3.1.146 gas thakan provides that the kṛt affix thakaN is introduced after the verb gai 'sing' to denote an agent if the agent is an expert in singing (śilpin). A 3.1.147 provides that the kṛt affix ṆyuṬ also occurs after the same verb under the same meaning condition. These two rules can form a single rule. Bhaṭṭi holds that for the purpose of illustrating the rules it suffices to illustrate A 3.1.146.