小学校児童における傷害の発生状況(脱臼, 捻挫について)

日本学校健康会京都府支部に小学校から報告された災害報告書を調査資料として, 昭和59年度中に発生した傷害のうち, 夏季, 冬季, 春季の長期休暇中, 土曜日, 日曜日, 登下校時の発生を除く11210件の傷害について, ①傷害の種類, ②受傷部位, ③発生場所, ④発生時状況, ⑤発生時刻を調査し, 学校管理下における脱臼捻挫の発生状況について検討した。

1) 傷害の発生件数, 脱臼捻挫の発生件数およびその発生割合は, 男女とも高学年になるにつれて増大する傾向を示していた。

2) 低学年男女, 高学年男女の4集団とも, 下肢の脱臼捻挫百分率は35%以上を示した。また, いずれの集団とも体育時の脱臼捻挫発生百分率は, 体育以外の授業時, 特別活動時, 休憩時より高かった。

3) 対数線形分析の結果, 4集団とも脱臼捻挫の発生は受傷部位, 発生場所によって異なり, さらに, 脱臼捻挫の発生と受傷部位との問の関連は発生場所によって相違していた。また, 低学年男子, 高学年男女の3集団では, 脱臼捻挫の発生と発生場所との間の関連が発生時状況によって相違していた。

4) 脱臼捻挫発生比の最も大きい条件は, 低学年男子では校外で休憩時に発生した場合, 低学年女子では体育館以外の校舎内で下肢に発生した場合, 高学年男女では休憩時に下肢に発生した場合で, 発生比の上位には, すべての集団とも下肢, 校外, あるいは休憩要因が関連する場合が多く認められた。

5) 発生期待度数が最も大きい条件は, 低学年男子, 高学年男女の3集団では校舎外で上肢に発生した場合で, 低学年女子では校舎外で下肢に発生した場合であった。

11210 accidental injuries occurred among primary school children in Kyoto Prefecture during the period from April 1984 to March 1985 were investigated, and the relation between the occurrence of dislocations and sprains, and five etiological factors (kinds of injuries, regions of body injured, places, occasions and time of the day when accident occurred) was analyzed by the supposed log-linear model.

The number of the occurrence of dislocations and sprains, and the total number of accidental injuries were greater among boys and girls as the school grades increased. The proportions of dislocations and sprains were higher among children in upper grades than those in lower grades. The distribution of those by regions of body injured was considerably great on the leg among both boys and girls.

In each of four sex-grade groups (boys and girls in the first to third grade, and in the fourth to sixth grade)

the well fitted log-linear model contained the five main effects and several interactions caused by two factors and three factors. This result suggests that the frequencies of occurrence of dislocations and sprains were different by regions of body injured and by places in every sex-grade group, and also that the relation between the occurrence of dislocations and sprains, and the regions of body injured was different by places where the accidents occurred.

Furthermore, the result above indicates that the dislocations and sprains ratio (number of dislocations and sprains / number of all other injuries) was great in the case of injuries which occurred outside the school precinct among boys in the lower grades and injuries on leg which occurred inside school bulding among girls in the lower grades, and those on leg which ocuurred during recess among boys and girls in the higher grades.