音声と映像を区別する外部情報のソースモニタリングに関する発達的研究

Developmental changes in external source monitoring abilities to distinguish between audio and video presentations in young children

近藤 綾

認知心理学研究

The Japanese Society for Cognitive Psychology

本研究では，提示形態が音声か映像かの区別に関する幼児期の外部情報のソースモニタリングの正確さを発達的に検討した．学習場面では，音声と映像(音声を含む)を用いて参加児に単語を提示した．すなわち，音声か映像の一方で男性が単語を言い，もう一方で女性が単語を言う場面を提示した．また，単語は音声のみ，映像のみの提示に加えて，音声と映像で1度ずつ提示する二つの情報源に由来する重複情報も含めた．学習後，単語ごとに再認テストとソースモニタリングテストを行った．ソースモニタリングテストでは，四つの情報源(音声，映像，両方，ない)について選択形式で尋ねた．その結果，4歳児と5歳児と比較して6歳児はソースモニタリングが正確であった．また，年齢により音声と映像の判断に違いが示された．そして，幼児は重複情報(両方)の判断が最も困難であった．以上の結果から，幼児期のソースモニタリング能力の発達的変化と重複情報の特性が明らかになった．

This study investigated young children's external source monitoring abilities of 4- to 6-year-olds to identify the source of information presented in different modalities. During an acquisition phase, three sets of target words were presented in three different presentation formats: auditory only (presented through an audio player), audio-visual only (presented through a video player), and both auditory and audio-visual (presented through both audio and video players). During a test phase, the participants were given a recognition test and a source monitoring test in which they were asked to identify the source of each word from among four alternatives (audio only, video only, both, neither). The results indicated that 4- and 5-year-olds made more source monitoring errors than the 6-year-olds. The 4- and 5-year-olds were more accurate in identifying words presented by video than words presented by an audio source, whereas the 6-year-olds showed no such differences. Furthermore, 4- to 6-year-olds had the greatest difficulty in making “both” judgment. These findings indicate that external source monitoring abilities to distinguish between audio and video presentations develop over the preschool years.

幼児

ソースモニタリング

記憶の発達

young children

source monitoring

memory development

心理学 [ 140 ]

日本語

日本認知心理学会

[ISSN] 1348-7264

[ISSN] 2185-0321

[NCID] AA11971335

[DOI] 10.5265/jcogpsy.8.73

[NAID] 130000428417