放牧を主とする搾乳牛の血液性状とその周年の動態

Blood Compositions and Their Seasonal Changes in Dairy Cattle Raised by Pasturing

藤井 俊策

吉本 伝

広島大学水畜産学部紀要

Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University

放牧を主とする搾乳牛の血液性状を,年間に亘って調べてその動態を調査した.方法は,10頭の試験牛を指定して,毎月一回,13月の間,血液成分を主としてキット試薬を用いて測定した。結果は次のとおりである.

1) 測定した延130頭分の血液成分の平均値は,総蛋白7.31±0.75g/dl,血清蛋白分画では,アルブミン49.7±5.4%,α-グロブリン16.4±2.63,β-グロブリン10.1±2.18%,γ-グロブリン23.8±5.28%,A/G比1.01±0.23,尿素態窒素13.68±2.18mg/dl,尿酸1.11±0.25mg/dl,ヘマトクリット値31.6±3.08%,血糖49.41±10.0mg/dl,カルシウム9.6±1.36mg/dl,マグネシウム2.62±0.44mg/dl,無機リン3.9±1.31mg/dl,ナトリウム299.2±24.73mg/dl,カリウム14.32±0.24mg/dl,クロール649.2±64.3mg/dl,鉄143.3±49.9μg/dl,銅101.74±33.67μg/dlであった.

2) 肝機能検査のためのアルカリホスファターゼは6.58±2.42K-A単位,トランスアミナーゼのGOT58.40±23.2K-単位,GPT17.62±5.76K-単位,血清膠質のC.C.L.F.testは全例+++であった.これらの値は人の正常値に比べると,いずれも高値であるが,これをもって反芻獣の場合に肝機能障害とは判定できない.

3) 血液成分のうち,春の放牧開始とともに増加し,引続き青草摂取期間中高い値を保ったものは,総蛋白,アルブミン,尿素態窒素などの含窒素成分とヘマトクリット値であった.これらの成分は冬の舎飼期には低下した.

尿素窒素量は夏期の間は著しく変動した.

一方放牧を終えて舎飼期に移行して増加したものはカルシウムであった.無機燐はとくに舎飼期に低下するのが注目された.

春の放牧開始とともに一過性に増加したものは血糖とγ-グロブリンであった.

The blood compositions and their changes through the whole year were examined in lactating dairy cattle raised mainly by pasturing. Examination of the blood was carried out once a month, over a thirteen-month period, in 10 designated individuals. The results from the present study are summarized as follows.

1) The mean values of serum constituents in a total of 130 individuals examined were 7.31±0.75 g/dl in total serum protein; 49.7±5.4% in albumin fraction; 16.4±2.63% in α-globulin fraction; 10.1±2.18% in β-globulin fraction; 23.8±5.28% in γ-globulin fraction; 13.68±2.18 mg/dl in urea nitrogen; 1.11±0.25 mg/dl in uric acid; 1.01±0.23 in albumin/globulin ratio; 31.6±3.08 in hematocrit value; 49.41±10.0 mg/dl in blood glucose; 9.6±1.36 mg/dl in calcium; 3.9±1.31 mg/dl in phosphorus; 2.62±0.44 mg/dl in magnesium; 299.2±24.73 mg/dl in sodium; 14.32±2.04 mg/dl in potassium; 649±64.32 mg/dl in chloride; 143.3±49.9 µg/dl in iron, and 101.74±33.67 µg/dl in copper.

2) The results of various tests for liver function were 6.58±2.42 K-A units in alkaline phosphatase (in total 80 individuals); 58.04±23.2 K units in gultamic oxalacetic transaminase (in total 40 individuals); 17.62±5.76 K units in gultamic pyruvic transaminase (in total 40 individuals); 161.9±35.95 mg/dl in total cholesterol (in total 40 individuals), and grade +++ in cephalin-cholesterol-lecitin floculation test (in total 30 individuals).

3) The serum total protein, urea nitrogen, uric acid, albumin/globulin ratio, hematocrit value, and serum inorganic phosphorus tended to increase in value with the opening of pasture season in April, and they maintained a high level value until October, when pasturing end. With the in-door season, they tended to decrase in value and continued their low levels during winter period. On the other hand, the level of serum calcium was high during the in-door period in winter, while it was low during the pastor period. Concentration of serum glucose and percentage of γ-globulin fraction went up for several weeks after the beginning of pasturing.

畜産業 [ 640 ]

日本語

広島大学水畜産学部

[ISSN] 0440-8756

[NCID] AN00213563

[NAID] 40018463837