潮岬近海の春カツオ漁場について

A note on the fishing ground for the spring skipjack fishing in the vicinity of Shiono-misaki, Wakayama Prefecture

西川 定一

広島大学水畜産学部紀要

Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University

和歌山県湊浦漁協の漁獲努力ほぼ一定とされる1953年~1960年の聞の紀南沖合の竿釣漁業による毎年
4月から7月迄の毎月カツオ漁獲量と潮岬近海の水温分布の模様を気象庁海況旬報により比較検討し
た.
1) 潮岬近海に冷水塊が出現しその周辺に温度勾配急な潮境が見られるとその付近に多くはカツオの
好漁場が出来る.冷水塊の位置が潮岬の東叉は南東であれば豊漁，南側に進出すると潮境の位置によっ
ては不漁となる.
2) 潮岬の束側に冷水塊がなく，等温線が東西に，叉は南西から北東に長く平行に走っていて，その
等温線が潮岬のすぐ東側叉ははるか東方洋上において北に向って凸部をつくると潮岬付近は多く不漁と
なった.潮岬東側において等温線が南に向って凸部をつくると潮岬では豊漁となる.この場合は多く冷
水塊が出現した場合に見られた.
3) 漁況の盛衰が気象庁全国海況旬報の温度分布図から解釈できることを指摘した.しかし，一，二
の解釈できない例外があった.この例外を更に各旬間の等差温度線図によって若干解釈することができ
たが，まだ充分でなかった.その他多数の等温線図によって解釈できた各年の各月各旬の漁況を旬間の
等定温度線図によって解釈しようとするとかなり困難な場合があった.

The fluctaution in the monthly skipjack-catch by the seven pole-and-line boat belonging to the Minato-ura Fishermen's Cooperative (Tanabe City, Wakayama Pref.) was studied in relation to the distribution pattern of the surface temperature over the fishing ground. The study dealt with the 'spring skipjack seasons' (i.e., April through July) of 1953-1960. It was safely assumed that the combined fishing capacity of the seven fishing boats remained almost unchanged during the period in question. These boats, each measuring 15 to 16 gross tons and manned with a crew of 18 or 19, made a one-day trip over the fishing ground centering around Shiono-misaki and extending to Muroto-zaki
and Miki-zaki and the trip was in less than 50 sea-miles offshore of Shiono-misaki (Text-fig. 1). Water temperature data were taken from the "Ten-day Mainre Report" of the Japan Meteorogical Agency.

The results obtained are summarized as follows:

1) When a cold water mass was located in the vicinity of Shiono-misaki bordered with a pronounced 'shiozakai' (a boundary zone characterized by a sharp horizontal temperature gradient), a good fishing ground for skipjack was ususally found in the neighbourhood of the 'shiozaki.' The catch of skipjack was abundant as long as the cold water mass continued to stay to the east or the southeast of Shiono-misaki (e.g, 1954, '55). On the other hand, the cold water mass was found to the south of Shiono-misaki, however, the catch was poor due to the unfavorable location of the 'shiozaki' (e.g., 1960).

2) When a cold water mass was absent to the east of Shiono-misaki, with the isotherms laid parallel to one another either in a general direction of east-and-west or southwest-and-northeast with their protruding northward either to the immediate east of Shiono-misaki or father eastwards (e.g., 1953, '56, '57, '58 and '59), skipjack catch was poor in the vicinity of Shiono-misaki in the majority of cases. With the isotherms of 22·c or about protruding southward to the east of Shiono-misaki, skipjack fishing was good in the neighbourhood of Shiono-misaki ; the temperature distribution of this type was encountered chiefly in case of a cold water mass was present.

3) As was indicated above, the fluctuation in the monthly catch of skipjack was explainable from the surface temperature distribution with exception of few cases. In an effort to find explanations for the exceptional cases, the increment of surface temperature in the lapse of ten days was computed for different parts of the fishing ground and its geographic distribution was plotted on the chart. It was found that the distribution of temperature increment for a ten-day period gave only a partial explanation to the above-mentioned exceptional cases (Text-fig. 5 (2)). The increment of surface temperature in the lapse of ten days was computed also for those months, in which the fluctuation of the catch was adequately explained on the basis of the distribution of surface temperature. There upon it was finally found that the distribution of temperature increment did not explain the fluctuation of the catch in some of these months so lucidly as the distribution of surface temperature.

水産業 [ 660 ]

日本語

広島大学水畜産学部

[ISSN] 0440-8756

[NCID] AN00213563