Chapter 1: Introduction
　1.1 Introduction / p2
　1.2 Energy subsidy in Iran and necessity of reform / p4
　1.3 Energy subsidy rform in Iran / p13
　1.4 Main questions and objectives / p16
　1.5 Structure of thesis / p17
Chapter 2: Sustainability assessment of Iran: A global comparative study
　2.1 Introduction / p19
　2.2 Sustainability indicators for intercountry comparison / p20
　2.3 Principal component analysis / p23
　2.4 Designing the model / p25
　　2.4.1. Data / p25
　　2.4.2. Normalization / p28
　　2.4.3. Ranking countries / p29
　2.5 Dynamics of the countries' sustainability / p33
　　2.5.1. The highest versus the lowest ranked / p33
　　2.5.2. The greatest versus the least progress / p33
　　2.5.3. Total sustainability trend / p34
　　2.5.4. Regional sustainability trend / p36
　2.6 Sustainable development in Iran / p38
　2.7 Conclusion / p40
Chapter 3: Sectoral contribution in energy consumption and CO2 emissions:potentials for conservation
　3.1 Introduction / p42
　3.2 The methodology of energy input-output analysis / p47
　　3.2.1 Estimation of energy and CO2 emission intensities / p50
　3.3 Results and discussion / p53
　　3.3.1 Direct and indirect energy intensities by sector / p55
　　3.3.2 Total energy intensities by fuel type / p58
　　3.3.3 CO2 emission intensities and the contribution of fuels / p60
　　3.3.4 Opportunities to reduce sectoral energy and CO2 emission intensities / p63
　　3.3.5 Energy consumption and economic value in Iran / p65
　3.4 Conclusion / p66
Chapter 4: The impact of energy subsidy reform on producer costs and household expenditure in Iran
　4.1 Introduction / p73
　4.2 Literature review / p75
　4.3 Methodology / p79
　　4.3.1 Input-output price model / p79
　　4.3.2 Decomposition of the price model / p82
　4.4 Empirical results / p83
　　4.4.1 Direct and indirect elasticities of fuels in nonenergy sectors / p84
　　4.4.2 Price effects on producers and consumers / p87
　4.5 Conclusion / p94
Chapter 5: The impact of energy subsidy reform on energy conservation and CO2 mitigation
　5.1 Introduction / p97
　5.2 A translog cost model / p101
　5.3 Estimation results / p104
　　5.3.1 The fuel model / p104
　　5.3.2 The subperiod analysis / p108
　5.4 Fuel conservation effects of the reform / p110
　5.5 Conclusion / p117
Chapter 6: The sustainability of the reform: lessons learned and further studies
　6.1 Lessons learned / p122
　6.2 Sustainability assessment / p123
　6.3 Further studies / p127
Appendix / p129
References / p138