障害物回避の見積もり能力に関する発達障害児と健常児の比較

Estimation of Obstacle Avoidance in Children with Developmental Disorders and Normal Children

島谷 康司

関矢 寛史

田中 美吏

長谷川 正哉

沖 貞明

理学療法科学

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of children with developmental disorders (CDD) to make estimations related to the avoidance of obstacles. [Method] Participants were 9 CDD and 9 healthy children (HC) who had been diagnosed as having attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder or Asperger's syndrome, aged 5-6. As a visual discrimination task, participants compared 2 bars at different heights from a distance of 7.0m. Furthermore, in order to test their estimation of obstacle avoidance, bars of different heights were displayed one by one, and participants were asked to judge whether it would be possible to pass without crouching or bumping into the bars. [Results] CDD and HC performed similarly in the visual discrimination tests. However, CDD fell behind HC in their ability to use body images to estimate the possibility of pass-under movements. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the reason that CDD bump into obstacles lies in the inaccuracy of their own body images. The above results indicate that it is difficult for CDD, in comparison to HC, to make estimations of the possibility of avoiding physical contact with obstacles based on body image.

[目的]本研究の目的は,発達障害児の障害物回避の見積もり能力を明らかにすることであった。[方法]対象は5～6歳の発達障害児と健常児,各9名とした。視覚弁別課題として,7.0m離れた位置から異なる高さの2本のバーの高低を比較させた。また,接触回避を見積もる課題として,異なる高さのバーを1本ずつ呈示し,かがみ込むことなしに,身体を接触させずに通り抜けることができるかどうかを回答させた。[結果]視覚弁別課題では発達障害児の正答数は9.22±.63回,健常児は9.78±.42回であり,有意な差は見られなかった。見積もり課題では,発達障害児の正答数は7.78±.67回,健常児は8.56±.73回であり,発達障害児の正答数が有意に少なかった。[結語]発達障害児は身長とバーとの相互関係からバーへの接触回避を見積もる能力が劣っていたために,障害物に接触する頻度が高いのではないかと考えられた。

developmental disorder

obstacle avoidance

estimation

発達障害児

接触回避

見積もり

医学 [ 490 ]

日本語

理学療法科学学会

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

Copyright (c) 2011 by the Society of Physical Therapy Science

[ISSN] 1341-1667

[NCID] AN10472896

[DOI] 10.1589/rika.26.105

[DOI] http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.26.105 ～の異版である