占領下日本における小学校理科教育の改革 : 文部省係官とCIE係官の交渉過程を中心として

The Reformation of Elementary School Science Education in Occupied Japan : The Process of Connection of the Officer of the Ministry of Education with the Specialist of Education Division in the C. I. E.

Shiba Kazumi

日本教科教育学会誌

本研究は, 文部省教科書局編修官の岡現次郎とCIE教育課のヴィヴィアン・エドミストンの理科教育観や二人の人間関係が占領下日本における小学校理科教育の教育政策に, どのような影響を及ぼしたのかを明らかにすることを目的とした。諸資料による文献研究の結果, 次の諸点が認められた。(1)1946年9月から1949年2月まで在日したエドミストンは, 理科教育関係以外にもさまざまな職務をこなしており, 理科教育に関する実際的な仕事は文部省の係官たちに委ねざるを得なかった。(2)エドミストンの会議録によれば, 岡現次郎が理科研究中央委員会の活動を主導的にこなし, エドミストンはそれを承認していた。(3)エドミストンの職務の多忙さに起因する時間の制約という物理的条件と, 岡とエドミストンが共通の理科教育観を有していたという人的条件が, 小学校理科教育改革の交渉過程に少なからず影響を与えていた。

The purpose of this paper was to clarify how the views about science education and human relations of Genjiro Oka, a science text compiler of the Ministry of Education and Vivian Edmiston Todd, a specialist of Education Division in the C.I.E., had influence on the education policies about elementary school science education in occupied Japan. Through the study of documentary records, the results were as follows:

1) Edmiston, having stayed in Japan from September 1946 to February 1949, was able to discharge various duties related to science education and she could not help entrusting the practical works for science education to officers of the Ministry of Education.

2) In a conference report she prepared, Edmiston stated that Oka worked mainly at the Advisory Science Committee, and both of them seemingly agreed on various aspects.

3) Influence upon the process of connection between Oka and Edmiston was limited since the physical condition of time resulting from her busy job and the human condition to both of them had caused their acquisition of common views about science education.

Education [ 370 ]

jpn

日本教科教育学会

Copyright (c) 1999 日本教科教育学会

[ISSN] 0288-0334

[NCID] AN00247430