富山県笹川方言における形容動詞述語形式 : 名詞述語と異なる「～ナ」「～ナカッタ」等を中心に

Two types of Adjectival Noun Predicates in the Sasagawa Dialect : A Comparison with Noun Predicates

小西 いずみ

國語學

富山県笹川方言における形容動詞述語形式には, 名詞述語と同形の「～ジャ/ジャッタ/ジャロー」等とともに, 名詞述語とは異なる「～ナ/ナカッタ/ナカロー」等がある。「～ナ」は連体用法のほかに終止用法も持ち, また「カ」(疑問の「か」)や「ミタイナ」(みたいだ)が後続する場合にも使われるが, 「～ジャ」は終止用法しか持たない。また, 終止用法では, 「～ナ」は詠嘆文で, 「～ジャ」は真偽判断文で用いられやすいという違いがある。そこで, 「～ナ」は, 形容詞の「～イ」形と同じように, テンス・モダリティに関して無標の形式であり, 「～ジャ」は〈断定〉を表す有標の形式であると考えられる。「～ナカッタ/ナカロー」などの形式は「～ナ+付属的用言カッタ/カロー/…」, 名詞述語と同形の形式は「語幹形+付属的用言ジャ/ジャッタ/…」と分析できる。以上から, この方言の形容動詞は, 名詞とは異なる述語形式もとるものの, 類型論的には名詞的性格が強いと言える。

The Sasagawa dialect, spoken in Asahi town, Toyama prefecture, has two types of forms of adjectival noun predicates (keiyō-dōshi), ja-types and na-types. The inflectional pattern of the ja-type is basically identical to that of noun predicates, while the na-type takes adjective-like inflectional endings.

ja-type | na-type

shizuka-ja | shizuka-na | 'is quiet'

shizuka-jatta | shizuka-na-katta | 'was quiet'

shizuka-jarō | shizuka-na-karō | 'supposed to be quiet'

The na-form, e.g., shizuka-na, can be used in the predicative and adnominal position, while the ja-form, e.g., shizuka-ja, can be used only in predicative position, and cannot be accompanied by modal forms such as the interrogative particle ka or the non-assertive form mitaina 'it seems that'. In the predicative position, the speaker prefers to use the na-form in exclamatory sentences, i.e.; sentences that express his/her perception or emotion directly, and the ja-form in sentences that declare his/her judgment of truth. From these points it is concluded that the ja-form represents the modal meaning of 'assertive' and the na-form itself does not represent any subjective meaning.

The forms of the ja-type consist of the stem form, e.g., shizuka, and the copulative verb ja. Similarly, the other forms of the na-type, e.g., shizuka-na-katta, shizuka-na-karō, consist of the na-form and the copulative verb /kar/. Adjectival noun predicates of na-type as well as those of ja-type can be regarded as the combination of a noun-like element and a copulative verb for inflection.

形容動詞

形容詞

名詞述語

断定

類型論

adjectival noun

adjective

noun predicate

assertive

typology

日本語 [ 810 ]

日本語

日本語学会

武蔵野書院

[ISSN] 0491-3337

[NCID] AN00087800