Vanadocytes, Cells hold the Key to Resolving the Highly Selective Accumulation and Reduction of Vanadium in Ascidians
Microsopy research and technique Volume 56
Page 421-434
published_at 2002
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| File | |
| Title ( eng ) |
Vanadocytes, Cells hold the Key to Resolving the Highly Selective Accumulation and Reduction of Vanadium in Ascidians
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| Creator |
Michibata Hitoshi
Uyama Taro
Kanamori Kan
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| Source Title |
Microsopy research and technique
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| Volume | 56 |
| Start Page | 421 |
| End Page | 434 |
| Abstract |
Since Henze discovered vanadium in the blood (or coelomic) cells of an ascidian in 1911, this unusual phenomenon has attracted the interest of many investigators. The highest concentration of vanadium (350 mM) in the blood cells of Ascidia gemmata, which belongs to the suborder Phlebobranchia, is 107 times higher than that in sea water. Of the approximately ten types of blood cells, a combination of cell fractionation and neutron-activation analysis revealed that the signet ring cells were the true vanadocytes. In the vanadocytes, 97.60f the vanadium is in the +3 oxidation state (III). The extremely low pH of 1.9 found in vanadocytes suggests that protons, concentrated by an H+-ATPase, might be linked to the accumulation of vanadium energetically. The antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, S4D5, prepared to identify vanadocytes, was determined to be 6-PGDH in the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway in vanadocytes is thought to participate in the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). During embryogenesis, a vanadocyte-specific antigen first appears in the body wall at the same time as significant accumulations of vanadium become apparent. Three different vanadium-associated proteins (VAPs) were extracted from the blood cells of vanadium-rich ascidians. These are 12.5, 15, and 16 kDa in size and are associated with vanadium in an approximate ratio of 1:16. The cDNA encoding the 12.5 and 15 kDa VAPs was isolated and the proteins encoded were found to be novel. Further biochemical and biophysical characterization of the VAPs is in progress.
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| Keywords |
Ascidian
Vanadium
Accumulation
Reduction
pH
Vacular H+-ATPase
Monoclonal antibody
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| NDC |
Biology [ 460 ]
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| Language |
eng
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| Resource Type | journal article |
| Publisher |
Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| Date of Issued | 2002 |
| Rights |
Copyright (c) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| Publish Type | Author’s Original |
| Access Rights | open access |
| Source Identifier |
[ISSN] 1059-910X
[DOI] 10.1002/jemt.10042
[PMID] 11921344
[DOI] http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10042
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