This paper discusses the food supply in India from the viewpoint of the Food Regime Theory, focusing especially on the period after the Indian independence. Although grain production had increased in India after independence, a large amount of food grains was imported, especially from the US, until the 1980s. In this sense, the food supply in India before the 1980s can be recognised as a part of the second food regime and is discussed in the first part of the article. In the next section, the origin of this dependency on imported food grains is discussed. According to the trade records of the prewar period, apparently, although India was a food exporter in the 1910s, a fair amount of rice was imported from Burma in the 1920s and the 30s. However, India became a grain exporter after the 1990s, which can be seen as a sign of India breaking away from the second food regime. In the context of the third food regime that was seen as a stage of transition, we evaluate M.K. Gandhi’s introduction of the Swadeshi movement, which disallowed factory and machine production.