福祉用具による作業療法アプローチの実態と今後の課題 : 日本作業療法学会誌10年の分析から

日本作業療法学会の文献を対象とし,福祉用具による作業療法アプローチの実態を検討した.その結果,作業療法士によって提供された福祉用具には入浴用具,排泄用具のみならず移動用具,コミュニケーション用具も含まれていた.福祉用具の製作は5割強を占めていた.それらの中で効果があったとする文献では,計画の策定,評価,是正のマネジメントが7割で行われていた.シミュレーションの実施が7割,クライエントの満足度は9割であった.他の職種との連携は,9割の割合で連携がとれていた.これに対して,作業療法士同士との連携の割合は2割程度であった.フォローアップの実施状況は1割程度であった.作業療法士の情報通信技術(IT)の活用状況は1割であった.福祉用具に対する安全性の配慮は1割で,福祉用具の製作における製造物責任法への対処は僅かしかなかった.

The present state of occupational therapy using technical aids was assessed by examining journals of the Japanese Occupational Therapy Society for the last ten years. The findings were that occupational therapists offered not only bathing aids and excretion aids, but also locomotion and communication aids. Technical aids manufactured by occupational therapists accounted for a little over 50% of the total number. Of the technical aids which the journals had deemed effective, in 70% of cases planning, evaluation, and correction had been performed by occupational therapists. The simulation of technical aids was carried out at a rate of 70%. The degree of satisfaction with technical aids by clients was 90%. Cooperation with other professionals was 90% of the rate. On the other hand, the rate of cooperation with occupational therapists was about 20%. Although follow-up was carried out, it was little more than 10%. Only 10% of occupational therapists utilize IT. The Product Liability Law in the manufacture of technical aids was hardly dealt with.