語られた苦力の声 : 1930年代前後の「満洲」詩誌の作品を視座に

This paper studies the images of Chinese laborers (“coolie”) in Japanese proletarian poetry through two representative proletarian poetry magazines, “Yanren City” and “Junk”, founded in Manchuria in the 1930s. First, this paper categorizes the developmental history of Manchurian poetry and the basic situation and characteristics of these two magazines to reveal the importance of their position in Manchurian poetry circles. Second, this paper summarizes the specific characteristics of “coolie” in the poetries and explores the kind of consciousness that the image of “coolie” reflects. An analysis is done on how Japanese proletarian poets describe the coolies through techniques and content of typical works and the reasons for forming the proletarian poets’ understanding based on their experience. In addition, this paper compares this description of coolies with other works to highlight the sheer uniqueness of the “coolie” image. Unlike the avant-garde artistic expression used in “Junk”, the main feature of the poems in “Yanren City” is that they directly express, through lifestyle ballads, the inner voice of Manchurian coolies who were under the dominance of imperialism and feudalism. These writers lived in Manchuria throughout the year, or were closely related to South Manchuria Railways Company. Thus, rooted in the social reality of Manchuria, these authors understood the inner heart of coolies and became representatives of the “coolie’s” inner voice.