For this paper, predatory behavior of the pygmy woodpecker Dendrocopos kizuki (Temminck, 1836) on larvae and adults of the aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell, 1851) within the galls of Rhus javanica var. chinensis (Mill.) T. Yamaz. was observed on the summit of Mt. Noro in Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture on October 29, 2022. This is the second record of the bird feeding on gall-forming aphids. Overall predation by a wide variety of wild birds on gall- and colony-forming hemipterans in Japan is briefly reviewed. These gregarious insects are likely to be seasonally import as food items of many insectivorous and omnivorous birds.