In order to understand the seasonal variation in microbial biomass and its community structure in coastal sediments, phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) in sediments were analysed. The fatty acids consist of saturated, monounsaturated, branched and polyunsaturated fatty acids and most of them are reported to be characteristic fatty acids of microorganisms. The calculated microbial biomass showed marked seasonal variation during the study period with high microbial biomass in summer and low in winter. In spring, the calculated microbial biomass were higher than that observed in autumn and winter. Microbial community structure in the sediments, as determined by PLFA, was dominated by prokaryotes (high abundances of microbial biomarkers) with a relatively equal proportion of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and also eukaryotes. Among the anaerobic bacteria, the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was understood from the detection of signature fatty acids of SRB in the sediments. Relatively low amounts of microeukaryotic biomarker fatty acids (PUPA) in the sediments suggested that the distribution of microeukaryotes in the surface sediments was restricted because of the existing environmental condition. Microbial community structure in the sediments did not show significant seasonal variation during the study period.