The purpose of this paper is to reveal the construction of a caste community in a South Indian village through the analysis of water use in the village. We also try to show the change of the community system and the life of people as comprised with the time that Fujiwara and his research team had surveyed in 1978, 25 years ago and previous sociological studies. The sample village, Chikkamaralli, is a multi jati community village. In this paper, we divided the caste communities into three groups. The division was used as analysis units: the first group consists dominant caste community, the second group, service jatis community, and the third group, Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe. The results are as follows: 1) Water facilities have been improved owing to the government support. 2) Canal water was important for the domestic water use. 3) The discrimination among the three groups reflects on their water use. Private open-wells were mostly owned by the first group. This shows that the first group was economically superior to the other groups in the village. In water use, especially for drinking water, there was not much difference between the first and the second group, but the third group used water facilities which the other groups did not use. In future, water supply system (water-tank) should become the main water facility in the village. It may reduce the feeling of discrimination among the groups.