近代フランスの共有地の歴史

This article condenses Nadine Vivier’s principal work, Propriété collective et identité communale. Les Biens communaux en France 1750-1914 (Publications de la Sorbonne, 1998). It treats the principal subjects as follows: Controversy on the belonging of common lands [commons] between the feudists and the jurisconsults under the Ancien Régime. Critics on the commons that built up in late 18th century among philosophes, agronomes and influenced the politics of the royal government. Revolutionary period’s enactment that authorized the division of common lands with one third of votes of inhabitants of the community. Gradual shift to the protection of commons by the national policy through the several regimes of the 19th Century. Eventually there were 2 million hectares of forest and 2,2 million hectares of non-forest lands as commons in 1877. Lastly, the historiography of the commons in France is surveyed.