An Attempt at Captive Breeding of the Endangered Newt Echinotriton andersoni, from the Central Ryukyus in Japan
Animals Volume 3 Issue 3
Page 680-692
published_at 2013-07-31
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Title ( eng ) |
An Attempt at Captive Breeding of the Endangered Newt Echinotriton andersoni, from the Central Ryukyus in Japan
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Creator |
Sugawara Hirotaka
Tado Miyuki
Nishitani Takuma
Oumi Shohei
Katsuren Seiki
Fujii Tamotsu
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Source Title |
Animals
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Volume | 3 |
Issue | 3 |
Start Page | 680 |
End Page | 692 |
Abstract |
Anderson’s crocodile newt (Echinotriton andersoni) is distributed in the Central Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan, but environmental degradation and illegal collection over the last several decades have devastated the local populations. It has therefore been listed as a class B1 endangered species in the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is at high risk of extinction in the wild. The species is also protected by law in both Okinawa and Kagoshima prefectures. An artificial insemination technique using hormonal injections could not be applied to the breeding of this species in the laboratory. In this study we naturally bred the species, and tested a laboratory farming technique using several male and female E. andersoni pairs collected from Okinawa, Amami, and Tokunoshima Islands and subsequently maintained in near-biotopic breeding cages. Among 378 eggs derived from 17 females, 319 (84.4%) became normal tailbud embryos, 274 (72.5%) hatched normally, 213 (56.3%) metamorphosed normally, and 141 (37.3%) became normal two-month-old newts; in addition, 77 one- to three-year-old Tokunoshima newts and 32 Amami larvae are currently still growing normally. Over the last five breeding seasons, eggs were laid in-cage on slopes near the waterfront. Larvae were raised in nets maintained in a temperature-controlled water bath at 20 °C and fed live Tubifex. Metamorphosed newts were transferred to plastic containers containing wet sponges kept in a temperature-controlled incubator at 22.5 °C and fed a cricket diet to promote healthy growth. This is the first published report of successfully propagating an endangered species by using breeding cages in a laboratory setting for captive breeding. Our findings on the natural breeding and raising of larvae and adults are useful in breeding this endangered species and can be applied to the preservation of other similarly wild and endangered species such as E. chinhaiensis.
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Keywords |
captive breeding
endangered newt
natural monument
IUCN Red List
Echinotriton andersoni
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Descriptions |
This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B and C) (Nos. 24310173 and 20510216) to Masayuki Sumida and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No. 23710282) to Takeshi Igawa from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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NDC |
Zoology [ 480 ]
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Language |
eng
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Resource Type | journal article |
Publisher |
MDPI AG
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Date of Issued | 2013-07-31 |
Rights |
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Publish Type | Version of Record |
Access Rights | open access |
Source Identifier |
[ISSN] 2076-2615
[DOI] 10.3390/ani3030680
[DOI] https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3030680
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